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T.M.I.

Test and Measurement Instruments C.C.

          CK 1985/007464/23

“Tomorrow’s Instruments Today”  —  “For Good Measure” ®

TMI, Established—1982

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Ultrasonic Flaw Detectors

Flaw Detectors

   Notes on Ultrasonic Testing.

Notes on Nondestructive Testing. (NDT)

Nondestructive testing (NDT) are scientific analysis techniques used in industry to evaluate the properties of materials, components or systems without causing damage. NDT does not permanently alter the article being inspected, making it a highly-valuable technique that can save both money and time in product evaluation, production, troubleshooting, and research.

NDT methods may rely upon use of electromagnetic radiation, sound, and inherent properties of materials to examine samples. This includes some kinds of microscopy to examine surfaces in detail, although sample preparation techniques for metallographic, optical microscopy and electron microscopy are generally destructive as the surfaces must be made smooth through polishing or the sample must be electron transparent in thickness. The inside of a sample can be examined with penetrating electromagnetic radiation, such as X-rays, or with sound waves in the case of ultrasonic testing. The contrast between a faulty part and the bulk of the sample may be enhanced for visual examination by the human eye by using liquids to penetrate fatigue cracks. One method called Liquid Penetrant Testing, makes use of dyes, fluorescent or non-fluorescing, in fluids for non-magnetic materials, usually metals. Magnetic-Particle Testing is another commonly used method for magnetic materials and uses a liquid suspension of fine iron particles applied to a part while the part is in an externally applied strong magnetic field.

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Ultrasonic Flaw Detectors

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Adaptors

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Ph:   +27 (011) 683 4365 / 6

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www.instrumentsgroup.co.za

 

 

 

 

Physical   Address:              

3 Angelica Ave,

Glenvista, Johannesburg, 2091

SOUTH AFRICA

 

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011 683 4365
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Part No:  TIME-1150

Ultrasonic Flaw Detector. 50 detecting channels with separate parameters and DAC per ch. Wide range from 1—10000mm. DAC, AVG, DGS Curves and Defect echo, Simultaneous display of A-scan and B-scan.

TIME

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Time 1150 Ultrasonic Flaw Detector
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Ultrasonic Testing (UT) uses high frequency sound energy to conduct examinations and make measurements. Ultrasonic inspection can be used for flaw detection/evaluation, dimensional measurements, material characterization, and more. To show the general inspection principle, a typical pulse/echo inspection configuration as mentioned below will be used.

A typical UT inspection system consists of several functional units, such as the pulser/receiver, transducer, and display devices. A pulser/receiver is an electronic unit that can produce high voltage electrical pulsed signals. Driven by the pulser, the transducer generates high frequency ultrasonic energy. The sound energy is introduced and propagates through the materials in the form of sound waves. When there is a discontinuity (such as a crack) in the wave path, part of the energy will be reflected back from the surface of the flaw. The reflected signal is transformed into an electrical wave signal by the transducer and is displayed on a screen. The reflected signal strength is displayed versus the time from signal generation to when a echo was received. The time that it takes for the signal to travel can be directly related to the distance that the signal has traveled. From the reflected signal, information about the reflector location, size, orientation and other features are gained.

Ultrasonic Inspection is a very useful and versatile NDT method. Some of the advantages of ultrasonic inspection that are often mentioned include:

· It is sensitive to both surface and subsurface changes.

· The depth of penetration for detection or measurement of flaws is superior to other NDT methods.

· Only single-sided access is needed when pulse-echo techniques are used.

· It is highly accurate in determining position of the reflection and estimating it’s size and shape.

· Very little preparation is necessary.

· Results are  provided instantaneously.

· Automated systems produce detailed images .

· Other uses are thickness measurements, in addition to flaw detection.

As with all NDT methods, ultrasonic inspections also have limitations, which  may include:

· A Surface must be accessible to transmit ultrasound.

· Skills and training are more intensive than with some other methods.

· It  requires a coupling medium to promote the transfer of sound energy into the test specimens.

· Materials that are rough, irregular in shape, very small, exceptionally thin or not homogeneous make inspection difficult.

· Cast iron and other coarse grained materials are difficult to inspect due to low sound transmission and high signal noise.

· Linear defects oriented parallel to the sound beam may not be detected.

· Reference standards are required for both equipment calibration and the characterization of flaws.

The above provides a simplified introduction to the NDT method of using ultrasonic principles for testing.